Uston Advanced Plus-Minus (APM) is a balanced level-one count documented in Million Dollar Blackjack (1981). It is a historical counting method, not a current profit promise. Use its full rules, indexes and true-count convention.
Documented card tags
| Card | A | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10/J/Q/K |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uston APM tag | −1 | 0 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | 0 | 0 | −1 |
These tags sum to zero over a full deck. QFIT classifies the system as balanced, ace-reckoned and level one, and says it was optimized for betting.
Running and true counts
The running count tracks the cumulative tags. A balanced system normally converts that figure using the prescribed estimate of cards or decks remaining. Rounding and index conventions can change decisions, so use one documented source consistently.
Historical and current use
QFIT says Uston APM is not in common use today. That observation does not prove the method ineffective, and its historical reputation does not prove it best for a current game. Compare systems under the same rules, penetration, bankroll, spread and error assumptions.
Sources
Further reading
No counting system guarantees a winning session or continued casino access.
